| ○要約 (任意): | □ | (英) The decline in arterial function with aging is considered to be part of a physiological process reflecting elevated blood pressure. However, the extent and rate of this decline can be manipulated. Various types of exercise programs are recommended for improving and/or maintaining the arterial function in middle-aged to older individuals. To establish an optimal exercise prescription or guideline, it is necessary to determine the exercise mode, intensity, and frequency that provide the best outcomes. The purpose of this review is to introduce the potential of exercise for improving arterial function, and to review the exercise programs that can be used to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Regular endurance training has beneficial effects in arterial function in middle-age and older people. In contrast to endurance training, high-intensity resistance training decreases arterial compliance, which indicates reduced arterial function. In the case of low-intensity resistance training, eccentric resistance training, or combined endurance and resistance training, arterial function is unchanged or improved after a few of months training. To establish an optimal exercise prescription, it is also necessary to determine the training frequency. A recent study indicated that two days per week of training resulted in a decrease in the pulse wave velocity. These findings indicate that, in order to improve and/or maintain arterial function during the aging process, endurance exercise, relative low-intensity resistance training, or a combination of both types of training at least two days per week for several weeks, should be recommended for middle-aged and older individuals. (日)
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